Appendix 4 Definition of terms

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W

The term …	IS defined as …	AND applies to the following activities …
AADT	Annual average daily traffic.	Roading
AAR	Annual achievement report – see section E5.5.	All
Abutment	An end support of a bridge or similar structure.	Roading
ACC	Accident Compensation Corporation.
Activity	A land transport output or capital project, or both.	All
Activity class	A grouping of similar activities.	All
Activity management plan (AMP)	An activity management plan prepared in accordance with clause 2 of schedule 10 of the Local Government Act 2002, or a similar plan – see section F2.4.	All
Administration	The activities or components of activities that in the opinion of the NZTA are, or reasonably ought to be, provided in administering the delivery of land transport-related activities – see Chapter F14 Administration and professional services.	All
Affected community	In relation to a proposed activity, means a group of people who are affected by the proposed activity because of living, studying or working in close geographical proximity to the proposed activity.	All
Alignment	The horizontal or vertical geometric form of the centreline of the carriageway.	Roading
Allocation	See also funding allocation and block allocation.	All
Annual plan (AP)	An annual plan adopted under section 95 of the Local Government Act 2002.	All
Approved organisation (AO)	A regional council, a territorial authority, an approved public organisation.	All
Approved public organisation	A public organisation approved under section 23 of the LTMA. Currently the Auckland Regional Transport Authority (ARTA), the Department of Conservation and the Waitangi National Trust Board.	All
Area-wide traffic control	A linked system of traffic signals that allows regulation of traffic flow.	Roading
ATMS	Advanced traffic management system.	Roading
ARTA	The Auckland Regional Transport Authority established by section 7 of the Local Government (Auckland) Amendment Act 2004.	All
ASR	Annual statistics report – see section E5.2.	All
Assessment	Stage 2 of NZTA's approach to planning, programming and funding – see section A1.4.	All
Assessment profile	The three-part rating for an activity, eg H/M/M – see Chapter G1 Creating an assessment profile.	Improvement projects
Auditor-General	The Controller and Auditor-General is a statutory office created by Parliament by the Public Audit Act 2001. In tune with the Public Audit Act and common usage, the title is normally abbreviated to Auditor-General.	All
Bailey bridge	A temporary bridge of lattice steel designed for rapid assembly from prefabricated standard parts.	Roading
Base programme	An agreed underlying level of road maintenance and renewal, which is relatively constant from year to year.	Roading
Basecourse	The layer of material constituting the uppermost structural element of a pavement, immediately beneath the wearing course; or the graded aggregate that can be used in such a layer.	Roading
Benefit cost ratio (BCR)	The ratio that compares the benefits accruing to land transport users and the wider community from implementing a project or providing a service, with that project's or service's costs.	All
Berm	The edge of a road reserve between the kerb or surface water channel and property boundary, exclusive of footpath.	Roading
Betterment	The increased value of land arising from improved access.	Roading
Block allocation	A funding allocation for a group, package or programme of activities.
Block passenger transport allocation	The block allocation for an agreed passenger transport programme.
Block road maintenance allocation	The block allocation for an agreed road operations, maintenance and renewal programme. This excludes the minor improvements allocation.	Roading
(the) Board	The NZTA Board	All
Bridge	A structure designed to carry a road or path over an obstacle by spanning it. This includes culverts with a cross-sectional area greater than or equal to 3.4 square metres.	Roading
Business unit	A management unit within an approved organisation that marshals physical and human resources to provide services and undertake works – see section E3.4.	Roading
C funds	Special funding for specific regions – see section A2.4.	All
Capital project	An individual land transport-related activity of a capital nature, including: planning, design and supervision related to the particular capital project construction and reconstruction any activity of a capital nature the purpose of which is to improve public safety in relation to land transport administration related to a particular capital project.	All
Carriageway	That portion of the road devoted particularly to the use of travelling vehicles, including shoulders.	Roading
Carryover	The unexpended allocation for an approved project in any year that is required in the next year.	All
CAS	Crash Analysis System	Roading
Category 1 (Cat 1)	The status applying to an activity that is ready for funding approval – see section C3.8.	All
Category 2 (Cat 2)	The status applying to an activity that the NZTA can anticipate funding within the three years of the NLTP, but which does not currently meet category 1 requirements – see section C3.8.	All
Cattle stop	A grid across the road to prevent stock movement.	Roading
Causeway	A raised road across water or a swamp.	Roading
CBD	Central business district.	All
CBT	Compulsory breath test	Road policing
CCTV	Closed-circuit television.	All
Centre line	Pavement marking on a road, which delineates opposing traffic flows.	Roading
Centreline	The basic line, at or near the centre or axis of a road or other work, from which measurements for setting out or constructing the work can conveniently be made.	Roading
Channelisation	A system of islands or markings on a carriageway to direct traffic into predetermined paths usually at an intersection or junction.	Roading
Chevron board	A patterned reflective sight board with chevrons that indicates an abrupt change in road direction.	Roading
Chip seal	A wearing course consisting of a layer or layers of chips originally spread onto the pavement over a film of freshly sprayed binder and subsequently rolled into place.	Roading
Cluster	A group of territorial authorities that have come together for the purpose of planning and delivering community programmes and/or road policing activities across their combined area.	ALTP
CO₂	Carbon dioxide.
Coastal shipping	The carriage of coastal cargo by means of any ship (as defined in section 2(1) of the Maritime Transport Act 1994), being carriage that is authorised by or under section 198 of that Act.
Combination of activities	Two or more activities from the same activity class or two or more activity classes.
Commercial service	A service that is open to the general public and required to be registered under the Transport Services Licensing Act. The service is fully subsidised by the passenger.	Passenger transport services
Commissioner	The Commissioner of Police.	All
Commitment	The balance of financial allocation required to complete an approved activity in future years.	All
Community programme	The development and delivery, at the community level, of activities addressing safe and sustainable use of the land transport system – see Chapter F3 Demand management and community programmes.	Community programmes
Complex project	A project with a construction/implementation cost estimate greater than $20 million and/or meeting other criteria – see section C9.4.	All
Concession agreement	An agreement or a suite of agreements approved under section 56 of the LTMA.	Roading
Concession road	A formed or unformed road to which a concession agreement applies.	Roading
Concessionaire	A person who has a concession agreement with a public road controlling authority.	Roading
Concession fares	Payments to operators for reduced fares for targeted groups such as school children and beneficiaries and funding urban school bus services with dedicated school contracts. The concession fares work category (w/c 513) does not include multi-trip ticket discounts.	Passenger transport services
Contracted service	A specified service in respect of which a regional authority has contracted to pay for the supply of that service.	Passenger transport services
Corrugations	Closely spaced ripples running across the line of traffic, generally where braking and acceleration of vehicles occurs.	Roading
Council-controlled organisation	A council organisation as defined in section 6 of the Local Government Act 2002.	All
Council-controlled trading organisation	A council-controlled organisation that operates a trading undertaking for the purpose of making a profit.	All
Crash reduction studies	Studies of crash sites aimed at identifying low-cost engineering works, education and road policing that improve road safety – refer to work category 002: Studies and strategies, in section F2.3.	Road studies
Crib wall	A retaining wall made of interlocking concrete or timber sections with earth or gravel fill between.	Roading
CS	The road controlling authority's contribution to the total construction cost of a stock access structure – see section F10.6.	Roading
Culvert	One or more adjacent pipes or enclosed channels running across and below road formation level having a crosssectional area less than 3.4 square metres.	Roading
CVIU	Commercial Vehicle Investigation Unit of the NZ Police.	Road policing
Cycle lane	That portion of the carriageway devoted to the use of cycles only and marked accordingly (but which may occasionally be crossed by motor vehicles, turning at intersections or driveways or manoeuvring into parking spaces).	Roading
Cycle path	A separately formed path designed specifically for the use of cycles, to which motor vehicles do not have access.	Walking and cycling facilities
Demand management	Demand management is a generic classification of strategies that encourage more efficient and sustainable travel and transport behaviour. Demand management has the objective of encouraging motor vehicle users to use alternative means of transport when appropriate while also reducing total vehicle kilometres travelled. This includes freight transport as well as personal travel.	Demand management, rail freight and sea freight
Direction sign	A sign placed usually at an intersection to direct traffic along a route or toward a destination.	Roading
District	The district of a territorial authority. In relation to land in respect of which a Minister of the Crown is the Council, that land.	All
Divided highway	A road with physically separated carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions.	Roading
Economic evaluation manual (EEM)	The NZTA's Economic evaluation manual, volumes 1 and 2.	All
Edge break	A road fault where the edge of the seal has broken away.	Roading
Edge line	A line painted on a road to indicate the outer edge of the traffic lane.	Roading
Embankment	A construction work (usually of earth or stone) that raises the ground (or formation) level above the natural surface.	Roading
Emergency reinstatement	The work required to reinstate a road facility damaged by a sudden and unexpected event.	Roading
EOI	Expression of interest.	Research
ERR	Emergency reinstatement rate – see section F7.11.	Roading
ETM	Electronic ticketing machine.	Passenger transport
FEC	Firm estimate of cost – see section C3.9.	All
Financial year	The 12 months beginning on 1 July and ending on 30 June.	All
First coat seal	The initial seal placed on a prepared base course.	Roading
Flanking	The removal of excess material, between the shoulder and water channel, which is inhibiting drainage.	Roading
Footpath	That portion of the road reserve set aside for the use of pedestrians only.	Roading
Ford	A shallow place in a watercourse, stream or river where the bed may be crossed by traffic.	Roading
Funding allocation	The amount of funding approved by the NZTA for an activity or combination of activities.	All
Funding approval	Approval given by the NZTA under section 20 of the LTMA.	All
Funding assistance rate (FAR)	The percentage of the total cost of an approved activity that the NZTA pays.	All
Furniture	A general term to describe features placed on or near the road to improve safety and assist drivers. Furniture includes barriers, guard rails, lighting, parking meters, poles, posts, signs, lights, etc.	Roading
Gabion	A rectangular wire-mesh cage filled with boulders, used to retain embankments and riverbanks.	Roading
Generic project	A specifically identified common type of improvement project with a construction/implementation cost of $4.5 million or less – see section C9.4.	Improvement projects
Government policy statement on land transport funding (GPS)	A government policy statement issued under section 86 of the LTMA – see section B1.4.	All
Granular material	Material with a particle size no smaller than sand.	Roading
Grit	A fine granular material passing a 4.75 mm sieve.	Roading
Ground water	Water flowing or lying under the natural surface of the ground.	Roading
Group (of objects)	A number of small and/or generic projects of the same type representing a logical block of work, or a number of community programme activities each costing less than $250,000 per year.	Improvement projects
Guard rail	A rail erected to restrain vehicles from physically leaving the road, including wire-rope barriers.	Roading
HOL	high-occupancy lane.	Roading and passenger transport
IBR	Indicated territorial authority base rate – see section F7.13.	Roading
Information sign	A sign for the purpose of giving information, not being a warning or regulatory sign.	Roading
Impact	The contribution made to an objective or outcome, including by a specified activity class or activity classes.	All
Integrated ticketing	The purchase of a single ticket that allows travel on one or more modes of transport provided by one or more operators – see section F5.11.	Passenger transport
Judder bars	Rounded ridges on the road surface positioned to encourage drivers to restrain vehicle position or speed.	Roading
Kerb	A border of rigid material, usually raised, which is formed at the edge of a traffic lane or shoulder.	Roading
Kerb and channel	Combined kerb and drainage channel.	Roading
Land drains	Those drains whose main purpose is to drain adjacent land rather than road reserve.	Roading
Lane line	A line other than the centre line or edge line painted on the road, which divides adjacent traffic lanes.	Roading
Land transport	Transport on land by any means and the infrastructure, goods and services facilitating that transport, including: coastal shipping (including transport by means of harbour ferries, or ferries or barges on rivers or lakes) and associated infrastructure the infrastructure, goods and services (including education and enforcement), the primary purpose of which is to improve public safety in relation to that transport.	All
Land transport disbursement account	An account kept under section 24 of the LTMA – see section A2.4.	All
Land transport options and alternatives	Includes land transport demand management options and alternatives.	All
LATMS	Local area traffic management scheme.	Roading
Legalisation surveys	Surveys related to the formal acquisition and documentation of land for roads.	Roading
Local authority (LA)	Any territorial authority or regional council within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002.	All
Local Government Act (LGA)	The Local Government Act 2002.	All
Local government region (LGR)	An area within the administrative jurisdiction of a regional council.	All
Local road	Any road, other than a state highway, in the district, and under the control, of a territorial authority.	Roading
Local share	The portion of the total cost of an activity provided by an approved organisation.	All
Long-term council community plan (LTCCP)	Long-term council community plan in accordance with section 93 of the Local Government Act 2002.	All
(the) LTMA	The Land Transport Management Act 2003, as amended from time to time.	All
LTMAA	The Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008.	All
*LTP online*	NZTA's web-based system for preparing and managing regional land transport programmes and the National Land Transport Programme – see Chapter C11 Using LTP online.	All
Maori land	Maori customary land and Maori freehold land as defined in section 4 of Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993.	All
Maori roadway	A roadway laid out or to be laid out by order of the Maori Land Court under sections 315 to 326 of Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 or laid out under any former Act relating to Maori land.	Roading
Macroscope	The data required for the ‘notice of requirement’ under the Resource Management Act 1991; having arrived at a preferred option towards the end of the investigation phase of the development of an improvement project – see section C9.5.	Improvement projects
Marker post	A post placed at the edge of the road, equipped with a reflector to assist night driving.	Roading
MBT	Mobile breath test	Road policing
Median	A raised or flush divider separating traffic.	Roading
Median barrier	A device used on multi-lane roads to keep opposing traffic in prescribed carriageways.	Roading
Minor and ancillary works	Works associated with a local road that are determined by the NZTA to be minor and ancillary roading works; but does not include in-house professional services or works associated with a state highway.	All
MoH	Ministry of Health	All
MoT	Ministry of Transport	All
MVR	Motor vehicle register	All
N funds	Nationally distributed funds – see section A2.4.	All
National activities	Activities managed or delivered nationally by NZTA – see Chapter F12 National activities.	Activities delivered or managed by the NZTA
National energy efficiency and conservation strategy	A strategy issued under section 10(2) of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000. See also NZ Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy.	All
(the) National Land Transport Fund	The fund established under section 10 of the LTMA – see section A2.3.	All
(the) National Land Transport Programme (NLTP)	A National Land Transport Programme adopted by the NZTA under section 19 of the LTMA, as from time to time amended or varied – see Chapter D3 Preparing the National Land Transport Programme.	All
National land transport strategy	A national land transport strategy prepared under Part 3 of the LTMA.	All
New road	Includes a lane that is added to an existing road.	Roading
New service	Passenger transport service to a geographical area not previously serviced.	Passenger transport
New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy (NZIPS)	The New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy issued by the ACC.	All
New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy (NZEECS)	The current national energy efficiency and conservation strategy.	All
New Zealand Transport Strategy (NZTS)	The New Zealand Transport Strategy published by the government – see section B1.3.	All
NGO	Non-government organisation	All
NoR	Notice of requirement issued under the Resource Management Act 1991.	All
NSC	Network safety coordination (projects).	Roading
NZHPT	New Zealand Historic Places Trust	All
NZRC	New Zealand Railways Corporation (ONTRACK)	Roading
(the) NZTA	The New Zealand Transport Agency established under section 93 of the LTMA.	All
Outcome	A state or condition of society, the economy or the environment, and includes a change in that state or condition.	All
Output	Goods or services.	All
Overpass	A grade separation where the traffic passes over an intersecting road or railway.	Roading
PAC	Preliminary assessed cost – see section C3.9.	All
Package	Interrelated and complementary group of activities or projects – can span more than one work category, and more than one activity class, eg a package could include a road improvement activity and a rail improvement activity.	All
Passenger kilometres	The total number of passengers carried over the relevant period multiplied by their average distance travelled on that service.	Passenger transport
Passenger service	Any bus service, harbour ferry service, passenger rail service, cable car, hovercraft, monorail, tramway or other form of public transport (other than air transport) that is available to the public generally.	Passenger transport
Passing bay	A widened length on a narrow bridge or road at which vehicles travelling in opposing directions can pass each other.	Roading
Passing lane	An additional lane on a road to allow one to overtake vehicles travelling in the same direction.	Roading
Pavement	The road structure that is constructed on the subgrade and supports the traffic loading.	Roading
Pavement markings	Any markings on the road to control traffic movement or parking.	Roading
Pedestrian crossing	A specially marked area giving right of way to pedestrians crossing the road.	Roading
PEO	Police education officer	Road policing
PIR	Post-implementation review – see section E5.19.	All
Police	The police of New Zealand within the meaning of the Police Act 1958.	Road policing
Police activities	Activities, approved by the Minister of Transport in conjunction with the Minister of Police, paid from the National Land Transport Fund, to be delivered by the police.	Road policing
Pothole	A hole in the pavement, frequently rounded in shape and greater than 70 mm in diameter, resulting from loss of pavement material.	Roading
PP&F manual	This manual.	All
Present value (PV)	A future cost or benefit at its discounted value at the present day. Net present value (NPV) is the present value of a future benefit less the present value of the associated future cost.	All
Primer	A bituminous material applied to a prepared base in preparation for sealing.	Roading
Procurement	The purchase of works, goods or services.	All
Procurement procedure	A procurement procedure approved under section 25 of the LTMA.	All
Professional services	Technical inputs to an activity undertaken by persons skilled in fields relevant to that activity – see Chapter F14 Administration and professional services.	All
Project	An activity that has a defined start, end and scope. Also see capital project.	All
Project feasibility report (PFR)	A report, which provides a simple, rapid method of analysis to facilitate the identification of economically viable projects.	All
PT	(Public) passenger transport.	Passenger transport
(Public) passenger transport service	The carriage of passengers for hire or reward by means of: vehicles as defined in section 2(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998 coastal ships rail vehicles as defined in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005.	Passenger transport
R funds	Regionally distributed funds – see section A2.4.	All
RAG	Regional advisory group – see section C12.3.	All
RAMMS	Road assessment and maintenance management system.	Roading
Region	The region of a regional council, and includes the district of a territorial authority, if the territorial authority is a unitary authority.	All
Recreational cycling	The riding of cycles for enjoyment or fitness (ie the main purpose of the trip is the ride itself).	Roading, cycle facilities
Regional authority (RA)	Any regional council or unitary authority, or a territorial authority that formally has had some of the powers and functions of a regional council transferred to it. ARTA is included in this definition.	All
Regional council (RC)	A regional council within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002.	All
Regional fuel tax scheme	A regional fuel tax scheme established by Order in Council made under section 65O(1) of the LTMA. Note: The government announced in March 2009 that the provisions for regional fuel tax will not be used as a source of funding.	All
Regional land transport programme (RLTP)	A regional land transport programme, prepared under Part 2 of the LTMA, as from time to time amended or varied.	All
Regional land transport strategy (RLTS)	A regional land transport strategy prepared under Part 3 of the LTMA.	All
Regional passenger transport plan (RPTP)	A plan, within the meaning of section 47 of the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989, specifying the passenger services the regional council or territorial authority proposes to be provided in its region or district, both generally and in respect of the transport disadvantaged.	Passenger transport
Regional transport committee (RTC)	A regional transport committee established under section 105 or clause 11 of schedule 7 of the LTMA.	All
Regionally distributed funds (R funds)	Funds from a 5 cent per litre increase in fuel excise duty and an equivalent increase in road user charges for light vehicles, to be distributed regionally on the basis of population (with Auckland receiving 35 percent of the total collected) for 10 years from April 2005.	Road improvements, passenger transport, demand management
Regular project	An improvement project with a cost of $20 million or less, but which does not qualify as a generic project or a complex project – see section C9.4.	Improvement projects
Retaining wall	A wall constructed to resist lateral pressure from the adjoining ground or to maintain in position a mass of earth.	Roading
RFP	Request for proposal.	Roading
RFT	Regional fuel tax. See also Regional fuel tax scheme.	All
RISA	Road infrastructure safety assessment.	Roading
Risk targeted patrol plan (RTPP)	NZ Police operational tasking documents with the primary objective of allocating strategic road policing resources to known safety risks by location and time. See section D1.4.	Road policing
RLTP	Regional land transport programme	All
RLTP guidelines	The separate guidelines document on preparing RLTPs issued by the NZTA.	All
RMA	The Resource Management Act 1991.	All
Road	An area formed for vehicular traffic to travel on. The term ‘road’ describes the area between kerbs or surface water channels and includes medians, shoulders and parking areas.	Roading
Road assessment and maintenance management system	A computer-based road asset/activity management system including an inventory that helps to manage the maintenance and rehabilitation of pavements and related road assets.	Roading
Road controlling authority (RCA)	The Minister, Department of State, Crown entity, state enterprise or territorial authority that controls the road.	Roading
Road reserve	A legally described area within which facilities such as roads, footpaths and associated features may be constructed and maintained for public travel.	Roading
Road safety action plan (RSAP)	Plans developed at the local level to address road safety issues in the area – see section D1.4 and section F2.4.	Roading
Road safety audit (RSA)	A procedure for auditing the safety of projects – see section F13.6.	Roading
Road tolling scheme	A road tolling scheme established by Order in Council under section 46 of the LTMA.	Roading
Road type	The classification of a road relating to the type of funding assistance applying. Local roads, state highways, and special purpose roads are the three currently established road types.	Roading
ROC	Rough order of cost – see section C3.9.	All
Roughometer	An instrument that measures the roughness of a road's surface.	Roading
Roundabout	An intersection of two or more carriageways at a common level where all traffic travels around a central island, which induces weaving movements in lieu of direct crossings.	Roading
Route marker	A sign indicating, by means of a number, device or colour, the course of a particular route.	Roading
RPP	Road policing programme – see Chapter D1 Police activities.	Road policing
RRG	Research reference group – see Chapter G12 Assessment of research activities.	Research
RTPP	Risk targeted patrol plan.	Road policing
RUC	Road user charges in accordance with the Road User Charges Act 1977.	All
Rural	An area within a permanent speed limit greater than 70 km/h.	Roading
Running course	A thin layer of loose stone that protects the basecourse of an unsealed road.	Roading
SAR	Scheme assessment report	All
SCATS	A computer-linked system of traffic signals, the purpose of which is to enhance traffic flows. SCATS stands for Sydney Co-ordinated Adaptive Traffic System.	Roading
Scheme assessment report (SAR)	A detailed report that includes a precise problem definition, a description of options available to address the problem, a project evaluation, an assessment of environmental impacts, and a recommendation.	All
Second coat seal	A chip seal placed on top of a first coat sealed surface.	Roading
Shoulder	That portion of the carriageway outside the traffic lanes.	Roading
Sight rail	A timber of metal rail (usually reflective or painted white) placed to highlight a change in road direction or some other hazard.	Roading
Slow vehicle bay	A shoulder constructed with sufficient width and strength to allow slow vehicles to pull aside to permit other vehicles to pass.	Roading
Slurry seal	A road surface treatment consisting of a mixture of bitumen emulsion and fine aggregate.	Roading
Small project	A generic project with a construction/implementation cost of less than $250,000 – see section C9.4.	Improvement projects
Smartcard	A credit card sized card that can be loaded with electronic money or products – see section F5.11.	Passenger transport
Special purpose road	A local road that was historically accepted as a special purpose road in terms of section 104 (now repealed) of the Transit New Zealand Act 1989 (renamed the Government Roading Powers Act 1989 from 1 July 2008).	Roading
Specified service	A passenger service specified in a regional passenger transport plan.	Passenger transport services
Stabilise	The modification of any material to improve or maintain its load-carrying capacity. Usually lime or cement is used as the modifier.	Roading
State highway	A road, whether or not constructed or vested in the Crown, that is declared to be a state highway under section 11 of the National Roads Act 1953, section 60 of the Government Roading Powers Act 1989 (formally known as the Transit New Zealand Act 1989), or under section 103 of the LTMA; and includes: all land along or contiguous with its route that is the road any part of an intersection that is within the route of the state highway for the purposes of regional land transport programmes, the National Land Transport Programme and any expenditures approved under section 20 of the LTMA by the NZTA, a proposed state highway.	Roading
Strategic road policing activities	Enforcement activities delivered by NZ Police covering speed control, drinking and drugged driver control, restraint device control, visible road safety enforcement and commercial vehicle investigation and road user charges (RUC) enforcement.	Road policing
Street	A road within an urban locality.	Road policing
Subway	A structure constructed to permit the passage of pedestrians, cycles or stock beneath the road.	Roading
Substructure	The piers and abutments (including wing walls) of a bridge, which support the superstructure.	Roading
Superstructure	That part of a bridge structure that is supported by the piers and abutments.	Roading
Supplementary funds	Funding contributions that are additional to the standard levels of NZTA and local authority funding specified in the NZTA's published funding assistance rates.	All
Surface water channel	An open drain or ditch along the side of the road that collects water running off the road's surface.	Roading
Sweeping	The removal of loose material from the carriageway.	Roading
TA base rate	Territorial authority base rate – the base funding assistance rate determined by the NZTA for a territorial authority – see section F7.13.	All
TA construction rate	Territorial authority construction rate – the funding assistance rate for improvement activities determined by the NZTA for a territorial authority – see section F9.10.	All
TAG	Traffic alcohol group	Road policing
Technical approval	The approval in principle of a project, which makes it eligible for inclusion in the National Land Transport Programme.	All
Technical reviews	The review of outputs and general operations of road controlling authorities that receive funds from the NLTF.	Roading
Territorial authority (TA)	A territorial authority within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002. This is usually taken to refer to a city council or a district council.	All
Toll	A toll payable under Part 2 of the LTMA.	Roading
Total Mobility scheme	The scheme to assist eligible people with impairments to access appropriate transport to enhance their community participation. Assistance is provided in the form of subsidised door-to-door transport services. See section F5.12.	Passenger transport
Traffic lane	A portion of the carriageway allotted for the use of a single line of vehicles.	Roading
Traffic island	A defined area within a road, usually at an intersection, from which traffic is intended to be excluded and which is used for control of vehicular movements and for pedestrian refuge.	Roading
Traffic management	Activities/devices that facilitate management of the road network – see work category 321 in section F9.2.	Roading
Traffic volume	The number of vehicles flowing in both directions past a particular point in a given time (eg vehicles per hour or vehicles per day).	Roading
Transport disadvantaged	Those who do not have access to a private means of transport and who face actual or potential obstacles in using traditional public transport by living in areas not served by public transport, or by being unable to afford public transport, or by being unable to access public transport due to having a permanent or temporary disabling condition.	All
Underpass	A grade separation where the traffic passes under an intersecting highway or railway.	Roading
Unitary authority (UA)	A territorial authority carrying out the additional functions of a regional council.	All
Urban	An area within a permanent speed limit of less than or equal to 70 km/h.	Roading
Utility services	Services such as gas, water, electricity, telephone, sewer and stormwater.	Roading
Vehicle crossing	A formed area where vehicles can cross over channel and footpath.	Roading
VOC	Vehicle operating costs.	Roading
Void-fill seal	An emulsion seal, usually consisting of grit or small chips, for filling the voids in an existing coarse-textured chip-seal surface.	Roading
VMS	Variable message sign.	Roading
Water channel	A channel for the purpose of conveying water, whether lined or unlined.	Roading
Water table	The level at which ground water will finally stand in an unpumped bore hole, well or other depression.	Roading
Wearing course	The surface layer of a pavement intended for skid and abrasion resistance.	Roading
Windrow	The long ridge of material formed by a grader or earthmoving machine.	Roading
Wing wall	A wall extending an abutment, as in a bridge, for retaining the side slopes of earth fill.	Roading
Work category (WC or W/C)	A type of activity – not confined to a particular activity class, eg new roads (work category 323) appears in: activity class 12 – new and improved infrastructure for local roads activity class 13 – new and improved infrastructure for state highways.	All

Planning, programming and funding manual, first edition, amendment 1, effective from 1 July 2009.

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